Major General John Stark in the American Revolution

The son of Scottish immigrant Archibald Stark, John Stark was born at Nutfield (Londonderry), New Hampshire on August 28, 1728. The second of four sons, he moved with his family to Derryfield (Manchester) at age eight. Educated locally, Stark learned frontier skills such as lumbering, farming, trapping, and hunting from his father. He first came to prominence in April 1752 when he, his brother William, David Stinson, and Amos Eastman embarked on a hunting trip along the Baker River. Abenaki Captive During the course of the trip, the party was attacked by a group of Abenaki warriors. While Stinson was killed, Stark fought the Native Americans allowing William to escape. When the dust settled, Stark and Eastman were taken prisoner and forced to return with the Abenaki. While there, Stark was made to run a gauntlet of warriors armed with sticks. In the course of this trial, he grabbed a stick from an Abenaki warrior and commenced attacking him. This spirited action impressed the chief and after demonstrating his wilderness skills, Stark was adopted into the tribe.   Remaining with the Abenaki for part of the year, Stark studied their customs and ways. Eastman and Stark were later ransomed by a party sent from Fort No. 4 in Charlestown, NH. The cost of their release was $103 Spanish dollars for Stark and $60 for Eastman. After returning home, Stark planned a trip to explore the headwaters of the Androscoggin River the following year in an attempt to raise money to offset the cost of his release. Successfully completing this endeavor, he was selected by the General Court of New Hampshire to lead an expedition to explore the frontier. This moved forward in 1754 after word was received that the French were building a fort in northwest New Hampshire. Directed to protest this invasion, Stark and thirty men departed for the wilderness. Though they did find any French forces, they did explore the upper reaches of the Connecticut River. French Indian War With the beginning of the French Indian War in 1754, Stark began to contemplate military service. Two years later he joined Rogers Rangers as a lieutenant. An elite light infantry force, the Rangers performed scouting and special missions in support of British operations on the northern frontier. In January 1757, Stark played a key role at the Battle on Snowshoes near Fort Carillon. Having been ambushed, his men established a defensive line on a rise and provided cover while the rest of Rogers command retreated and joined their position. With the battle going against the rangers, Stark was sent south through heavy snow to bring reinforcements from Fort William Henry. The following year, the rangers took part in the opening stages of the Battle of Carillon. Briefly returning home in 1758 following his fathers death, Stark began courting Elizabeth Molly Page. The two were married on August 20, 1758 and ultimately had eleven children. The following year, Major General Jeffery Amherst ordered the rangers to mount a raid against the Abenaki settlement of St. Francis which had long been a base for raids against the frontier. As Stark had adopted family from his captivity in the village he excused himself from the attack. Leaving the unit in 1760, he returned to New Hampshire with the rank of captain. Peacetime Settling in Derryfield with Molly, Stark returned to peacetime pursuits. This saw him acquire a substantial estate in New Hampshire. His business efforts were soon hampered by a variety of new taxes, such as the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, which quickly brought the colonies and London into conflict. With the passage of the Intolerable Acts in 1774 and occupation of Boston, the situation reached a critical level. The American Revolution Begins Following the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775 and the start of the American Revolution, Stark returned to military service. Accepting the colonelcy of the 1st New Hampshire Regiment on April 23, he quickly mustered his men and marched south to join the Siege of Boston. Establishing his headquarters in Medford, MA, his men joined thousands of other militiamen from around New England in blockading the city. On the night of June 16, American troops, fearing a British thrust against Cambridge, moved onto the Charlestown Peninsula and fortified Breeds Hill. This force, led by Colonel William Prescott, came under attack the next morning during the Battle of Bunker Hill. With British forces, led by Major General William Howe, preparing to attack, Prescott called for reinforcements. Responding to this call, Stark and Colonel James Reed rushed to the scene with their regiments. Arriving, a thankful Prescott gave Stark the latitude to deploy his men as he saw fit. Assessing the terrain, Stark formed his men behind a rail fence to the north of Prescotts redoubt on top of the hill. From this position, they repulsed several British attacks and inflicted heavy losses on Howes men. As Prescotts position faltered as his men ran out of ammunition, Starks regiment provided cover as they withdrew from the peninsula. When General George Washington arrived a few weeks later, he was quickly impressed with Stark. Continental Army In early 1776, Stark and his regiment were accepted into the Continental Army as the 5th Continental Regiment. Following the fall of Boston that March, it moved south with Washingtons army to New York. After aiding in bolstering the citys defenses, Stark received orders to take his regiment north to reinforce the American army that was retreating from Canada. Remaining in northern New York for much of the year, he returned south in December and rejoined Washington along the Delaware. Reinforcing Washingtons battered army, Stark took part in the morale-boosting victories at Trenton and Princeton later that month and in early January 1777. At the former, his men, serving in Major General John Sullivans division, launched a bayonet charge at the Knyphausen regiment and broke their resistance. With the conclusion of the campaign, the army moved into winter quarters at Morristown, NJ and much of Starks regiment departed as their enlistments were expiring. Controversy To replace the departed men, Washington asked Stark to return to New Hampshire to recruit additional forces. Agreeing, he left for home and began enlisting fresh troops. During this time, Stark learned that a fellow New Hampshire colonel, Enoch Poor, had been promoted to brigadier general. Having been passed over for promotion in the past, he was incensed as he believed Poor was a weak commander and lacked a successful record on the battlefield. In the wake of Poors promotion, Stark immediately resigned from the Continental Army though he indicated that he would serve again if New Hampshire was threatened. That summer, he accepted a commission as a brigadier general in the New Hampshire militia, but stated that he would only take the position if he was not answerable to the Continental Army. As the year progressed, a new British threat appeared in the north as Major General John Burgoyne prepared to invade south from Canada via the Lake Champlain corridor. Bennington After assembling a force of around 1,500 men at Manchester, Stark received orders from Major General Benjamin Lincoln to move to Charlestown, NH before joining the main American army along the Hudson River. Refusing to obey the Continental officer, Stark instead began operating against the rear of Burgoynes invading British army. In August, Stark learned that a detachment of Hessians intended to raid Bennington, VT. Moving to intercept, he was reinforced by 350 men under Colonel Seth Warner. Attacking the enemy at the Battle of Bennington on August 16, Stark badly mauled the Hessians and inflicted over fifty percent casualties on the enemy. The victory at Bennington boosted American morale in the region and contributed to key triumph at Saratoga later that fall. Promotion At Last For his efforts at Bennington, Stark accepted reinstatement into the Continental Army with the rank of brigadier general on October 4, 1777. In this role, he served intermittently as commander of the Northern Department as well as with Washingtons army around New York. In June 1780, Stark took part in the Battle of Springfield which saw Major General Nathanael Greene hold off a large British attack in New Jersey. Later that year, he sat on Greenes board of inquiry which investigated the betrayal of Major General Benedict Arnold and convicted British spy Major John Andre. With the end of the war in 1783, Stark was called to Washingtons headquarters where he was personally thanked for his service and given a brevet promotion to major general. Returning to New Hampshire, Stark retired from public life and pursued farming and business interests. In 1809, he declined an invitation to attend a reunion of Bennington veterans due to ill health. Though unable to travel, he sent a toast to be read at the event which stated, Live free or die: Death is not the worst of evils. The first part, Live Free or Die, was later adopted as the state motto of New Hampshire. Living to the age of 94, Stark died on May 8, 1822 and was buried in Manchester.

Defining Shylock from William Shakespeares The Merchant...

Defining Shylock from William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice For hundreds of years, the Jews had lived in their ancestral home- Palestine- but when they were exiled in about the year 400AD, they scattered throughout Europe and formed a Diaspora: a community of exiled people. When the Roman Empire deteriorated, many of the Jews returned to Palestine, and were ruled by the Turks, then the British, eventually got their own state in 1946. In 1066, when Jews came over to Britain with William the conqueror, they had to wear yellow bands to distinguish them: this was highly discriminating and many Jews were even blamed in murder cases where Christian children were involved, meaning that many Jews†¦show more content†¦The overall mistreatment of Shylock and other Jews throughout the play is quite evident. When Shylock is talking to Antonio, he says: â€Å"†¦Suff’rance is the badge of all our tribe; you call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, and spit upon my Jewish gabardine† Also, in the courtroom scene, even the judge, who is supposed to represent justice and fairness, is biased against him-he says to Antonio, â€Å"I feel sorry for thee; thou art come to answer a stony adversary†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This shows the magnitude of the prejudice against Jews at the time in Venice. Shylock’s attitude to money is one of greed. He obsesses about the amount of money he has, and seems to place it as a top priority, even above his family. He may react this way to money because he is only allowed to do one job, and therefore will gladly charge Christians high interest because of the way that they have treated him, apparently without guilt. When Shylock enters into the bond with Antonio, he agrees with Antonio to â€Å"†¦lend†¦money†¦not as to thy friends†¦but†¦to thine enemy, who if he break thou may with better face exact the penalty†. This would explain why Shylock is so determined to receive his bond; he hates Antonio with a vengeance, and has agreed the bond over one of the most precious things in his life: his money. I think that thisShow MoreRelatedEssay about Shakespeares Bias on Religon in The Merchant of Venice1017 Words   |  5 PagesIn Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice there is a palpable hatred between the Jewish moneylender Shylock and the privileged prodigal Christians Bassanio, Lorenzo, Antonio, Gratiano and Portia. History shows that Jews have long been persecuted and despised for not accepting Christianity, Islam or other religions of the majority as their own. Yet choice of religion is not the cause for the two cultures abhorrence. Their detestation is much more deep-rooted; it stems from their antithetical culturalRead MoreThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare Essay examples2198 Words   |  9 PagesThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare was written between 1594-1596.It is classified as a comedy; it is also a work of good triumphs over evil, but serious themes are examined and some issues remain unresolved. In the play Shakespeare has woven together plots from different books. Shakespeare gets the bond storyRead MoreInfluential Fathers2006 Words   |  9 Pagessuch a close bond with their father that they have trouble letting go. There are many different qualities or personality traits that can make a dad a â€Å"bad father† or prevent him from truly understanding and appreciating his children. Both Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart and Shakespeare’s play The Merchant of Venice give impeccable examples of fathers failing to know their children.   In these literary selections, the  three things that interfere with  the  fathers relationships with their childrenRead MoreEssay on A Feminist Perspective of William Shakespeare1506 Words   |  7 PagesA Feminist Perspective of Shakespeare   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although William Shakespeare reflects and at times supports the English Renaissance stereotypes of women and men and their various roles and responsibilities in society, he is also a writer who questions, challenges, and modifies those representations. His stories afford opportunities not only to understand Renaissance culture better but also to confront our own contemporary generalizations about gender, especially what it means to be female. In his

Factors and Customers Satisfaction of Budget Hotel Customers in Penang

Question: Discuss the factors and customers satisfaction of budget hotel customers in penang, malaysia. Answer: Introduction The state of Penang is situated on the north-west coastline of Malaysia and is home to major civilizations of the region that has attracted tourists from across the globe for decades. The natural beauty and culture of the place have attracted tourists for centuries and is still one of the most favoured holiday destinations of the tourists. Apart from culture and natural beauty, mouth-watering food and architecture of the place has always astonished people. The place, its people and businesses have perfectly blended themselves into the modern culture keeping intact its heritage and traditions. Technological advancements have been used and implemented by the tourism industry in such a manner that has brought about a boom in the industry with more and more tourists visiting the place every year. The tourism industry of Penang has perfectly aligned itself with the objectives of the country to promote and establish Malaysia as the most favoured tourism destination of Asia (Jaafar Sukarno , 2011). The results are evident from the statistics provided by the government in their portal Tourism Malaysia. According to the overall statistics published by the government, Malaysia had 25.7 million arrivals in the year 2015 with a total receipt of 69.1 billion MYR from tourism (Samah et al., 2015). These significant figures have increased over the year and show a rising trend. Several factors have resulted in the increase of visitors to the country. Apart from the natural beauty of the place, certain places of Penang have historical importance. Recently, George Town was declared to be a heritage site by the UNESCO and visitors have stated to pour in. On this backdrop, it can be said that there is a close link between tourism and the hospitality industry. Tourism is cannot be complete without people having a place to stay while they visit a place. In essence, the growth and sustainability of the tourism industry is largely dependent on the kind of hotels that are available in the place of tourism. As the inflow of visitors increased, a need was felt to accommodate them in a much efficient manner. This resulted in an increase in the number of hotels in Penang. The increase was in both luxury hotels such as the Hard Rock Hotel, Tune Hotel, Cititeland many more as well as in budget hotels such as Rasa Motel Penang, Value Inn and others. With an increase in the nature of demand of the customers, a shift has occurred from luxury hotels to budget hotels. In the last few years, it has been seen that there is a rise in demand for mid-market budget hotels by the customers and as a result, competition has increased in this segment of the hotel industry of Penang. These budget hotels have proved themselves to be a key contributor to the hotel industry in Penang over the years (Mola Jusoh, 2011). By providing quality services and a wide customer base, these hotels have opened up new avenues for the hotel industry of the region. These hotels have been successful in creating customer loyalty by providing the required services to its customers in an effective manner. The nature and extent of the services rendered to the tourists by the hotel staffs influence the quantum of customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is one of the most important objectives of an organisation. The manner in which customer relationship is built determines how much a customer is satisfied with the services rendered by the hotel. Research Background In light of globalisation of the world economy, the service industry is actively playing a pivotal role in the growth and development of the entire region. Tourism has become an important trade category that is fetching a substantial amount of revenue and is contributing towards the overall GDP of the country (Goh, 2015). The growth of the tourism industry is dependent on the state of the hotel industry. Penang is no exception. With the natural and historic beauty of the place, it has become one of the most favourable tourist attractions in south Asia. With this increase in the tourist inflow, a change has taken place in the hotel and hospitality industry. People are now favouring budget hotels over luxurious and expensive ones. With the quality of services rendered in these hotels being of superior quality, the industry is able to build a loyal customer base for itself. Much research has been carried on the status of the hotel industry and on customer satisfaction in Penang (Goh, 20 15). However, not much has been done with respect to this niche class of budget hotels that now play a pivotal role in the development and growth of the entire industry. Building of customer satisfaction is a key factor of success. Customer retention by building customer loyalty has always been an important objective of every business organisation. On this backdrop, the research intends to bring out the factors and the element of customer satisfaction with respect to budget hotels in the area of Penang. Significance of the Research SMBH also known as Small and Medium Budget Hotel operators play a vital role to aid the tourism industry success. As mentioned earlier, the nature and quality of services rendered has become an important area of focus for budget hotel owners. Thus, it is important that service lenders understand perceptions and customer expectations as well as the factors that influence their satisfaction and provide services accordingly (Abdu Bakori, Samdin Hassan, 2012). The reason for this research was to study the perception of customer about the marketing mix 7P's, customer loyalty and customer satisfaction of budget hotels. Even though customers are not expected to understand these technical terms to their fullest extent, their viewpoints are very important to formulate industry standards. In order to have a proper understanding of customer taste, preferences and demand, organisations are required to undertake extensive research work. While conducting the research, it is imperative to segment the targeted customer into different classes based on specific characteristics that are unique. A significant classification is in the form of national and international visitors (Mun, 2016). This classification will help the hotels to formulate strategies differently for each group and to maximise revenue. The primary significance of this study is to focus on the marketing activities of such budget hotels that ultimately lead to their success in gaining customer loyalty and satisfaction. It is the responsibility of the marketing manager to devise proper strategies to attract more and more customers for the hotel. As the importance of these budget hotels has increased significantly, the government shall take effective steps to reward these hotels by re-evaluating their criteria for awarding stars to these hotels depending upon the nature and quality of services rendered by them (Keshavarz Ali, 2015). Therefore, the significance of the study lies on finding out the elements that influence satisfaction of customers who avail services of budget hotels. Problem Statement The hospitality industry is similar to other industries and is characterized by a high level of competition among the industry participants. Each budget hotel has to counter a twofold competition with big and luxurious hotels and with other budget hotels. In order to achieve success, these budget hotels have to price their services in the most competitive manner so that customers are attracted. This is a significant factor as every customer looks for an affordable price in the first place (Poku, Zakari Soali, 2013). It is very transparent that the hotel market is highly competitive, just like any other organization that markets a product in a competitive market, competing for the income of consumer disposable, it should be aware of the quality problems. This is important, especially in the situation of the hotel in which there is reduced clear price competition, but centres more on problems of image, service, facilities and the provision quality. Hotels have therefore, enhanced the ir service quality in order to stay ambitious. Business activities between enterprises become more frequent with the constant development of the Malaysian economy. Moreover, the Malaysian tourist market too becomes more and more energetic. A new hotel - state budget catering to the demands of new customer, it has been supposed to have good potential development, which turns to be one of the high spots of investment. Because of the high competition between budget hotels and the reason to get sustainable competitive benefit a tough battle for customer resource is opened. The central point of this competition falls mainly on the "customers", the budget hotel that has satisfied customers and finally won the trust of customers, it has had the beneficial tool to win this smokeless war (Abdullah, 2015). As the situation becomes tough, hotel owners are trying to gain customer confidence and customer loyalty by providing effective services to them. This in turn increases customer satisfaction. Therefore, it has become essential that hotel owners focus their attention to effective marketing activities. Satisfaction towards goods and integrated service marketing mingle is expected to influence the customer's decision of a patient for enabling the same service in time to come. Also, customer satisfaction is called the business competition success which is the particular's perception of the performance of the relation service to expectations. In the hotel industry, customer bond is also highly essential. It is often shaped by practical experience of the customer during the stay in the hotel. References Abdu Bakori, K., Samdin, Z., Hassan, H. (2012). Hotels involvement in sustainable tourism practices in Klang Valley, Malaysia.International Journal of Economics and Management,6(1), 21-34. Ali, F., Amin, M. (2014). The influence of physical environment on emotions, customer satisfaction and behavioural intentions in Chinese resort hotel industry.Journal for Global Business Advancement,7(3), 249-266. Alvesson, M. Sandberg, J. (2012).Constructing research questions. Amin, M., Yahya, Z., Ismayatim, W.F.A., Nasharuddin, S.Z. and Kassim, E., 2013. Service quality dimension and customer satisfaction: An empirical study in the Malaysian hotel industry.Services Marketing Quarterly,34(2), pp.115-125. Anderson, E. W., Sullivan, M. W. (2013). The antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction for firms.Marketing science,12(2), 125-143.

The French Revolution Essays - Kingdom Of France, France

The French Revolution There was a loud "thunk" as the blade hit the wood block, silence and then a cheer rose up from the crowd as yet another nobleman's head rolled. The French Revolution was one of the bloodiest revolutions in history, it was responsible for taking the lives of thousands of Frenchmen. But what was the cause of this carnage? As former Vice President Hubert Humphrey said, "History teaches us that the great revolutions aren't started by people who are utterly down and out, without hope and vision. They take place when people begin to live a little better - and when they see how much remains to be achieved." The French Revolution and the Estates General. The roots of the French Revolution of 1789 can be traced back to the reign of Louis XIV, an absolute monarch. He established the basis of the French Revolution by reducing the power of nobles, taking them away from their land, the roots of their power. Then came Louis XV who allowed political and social positions to be bought by wealthy commoners, enraging nobles even further. These events culminated in Louis XVI, his Estates General and the French Revolution. During the time of the French revolution there where three estates or social classes in France, described by Thomas Jefferson, the American Ambassador as "Clergy, Nobles, and Commons." The Clergy were representatives of the church and served as judges, Nobles were militaristic, and finally the Commoners were divided into the Bourgeoisie, who were wealthy land owners, and the poor peasants. Stands taken between the three estates and Louis XVI caused the French Revolution. Despite their efforts to bring France into a new form of government, one which would serve the needs of the common people, France still fell into a state of corruption. At the young age of 12 Louis XVI had already begun to create his own ideas of government. "Thus, by our primordial origin , all men without exception are my equals. Liberty is one of the rights of man and government is established to conserve it. The objects of all laws is to preserve for mankind, the rights which belong to him. There are four natural rights which the King is obliged to conserve for each of his subjects. These come from God and are older than all laws, political or civil. They are life, honor, liberty, and property." Because of these views on government, Louis XVI brought the Estates General, a ruling body which would represent the common people, into existence, to give all of the estates a say in government. Jefferson described what he believed Louis XVI's reasons were, "the honest man in his kingdom, and the most regular and economical... I believe he will consider the opinion of the States General as the best evidence of what will profit and please the nation and (he) will conform to it." This new form of governing was a far cry from the traditional monarchy, which had ruled France for so long. Louis XVI greeted the Estates General warmly on May 5, 1789 with an opening speech. "Sirs, this day which my heart awaited since a long time has finally arrived and I see myself surrounded by the representatives of the nation which I am honored to command." However his speech was not to be all good news, "The debt of the state, already immense on my coming to the throne, has accumulated during my reign... The increase in the tax has been the unavoidable result and has been rendered more painful by their unequal distribution." Until that time, Nobles and Clergy were exempt from tax, leaving only the lower third estate to pay the debt. So Louis proposed a solution to the Estates General, "A general anxiousness in and an exaggerated desire for change, have taken over the public mind.. if we didn't hasten to stabilize it. It is with my confidence, gentlemen, which I have gathered you together... (for) the first two orders to renounce their financial privileges." Louis XVI's solution to t he high taxation on the third estate was to force the first and second estate to begin paying taxes, like the peasantry. This strengthened his ideals of equality in a society. The